oracle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5SfzJeqMuk
** Please use the root
user to edit the files and execute the commands unless further notice. **
Prerequisite
Install the latest VirtualBox and the VirtualBox Extension Pack.
Download CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911.
Create a new virtual machine and install the CentOS to the virtual machine. Select
Workstation
as Base Environment, selectContainer Management
,Development Tools
andGraphical Administration Tools
as Additional software for Selected Environment.
Download Packages and Software
Hostname and Host File
Open the file
/etc/hostname
, change the content to update the hostname.
ol8-19.localdomain
Open the file
/etc/hosts
, add your IP address and hostname.
192.168.122.1 ol8-19.localdomain
Install Required Packages
Perform a yum update to update every currently installed package.
yum update
Add execute permission to the downloaded rpm files.
chmod u+x *.rpm
Install the libcapl library for getting and setting POSIX.1e (formerly POSIX 6) draft 15 capabilities.
yum localinstall -y compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
Inatll the libstdc++ package which contains compatibility standard C++ library from GCC 3.3.4.
yum localinstall -y compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
Install the below required packages.
yum install -y bc binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libnsl libnsl.i686 \
libnsl2 libnsl2.i686 librdmacm-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libX11 libXau libxcb \
libXi libXrender libXrender-devel libXtst make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools \
sysstat targetcli unixODBC;
Install Oracle Installation Prerequisites
Install the OIP package.
yum localinstall -y oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Open the
/etc/group
file, update the GID of the below items.
oinstall:x:64890:oracle
dba:x:64891:oracle
oper:x:64892:oracle
backupdba:x:64893:oracle
dgdba:x:64894:oracle
kmdba:x:64895:oracle
racdba:x:64896:oracle
Open the
/etc/passwd
file, update both the UID and GID of accountoracle
.
oracle:x:64890:64890::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
Update the password of account
oracle
.
passwd oracle
Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the
/etc/selinux/config
file.
SELINUX=permissive
Set the secure Linux change right now.
setenforce Permissive
Disable the firewall.
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
Setup Oracle User Profile
Create Oracle directories.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02
Create a new directory for Oracle user.
mkdir -p /home/oracle/scripts
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
Create filese for Oracle user.
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=$HOSTNAME
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh
Set the environment when the Bash runs whenever it is started interactively.
cat > /home/oracle/.bashrc <<EOF
#.bashrc
# User specific aliases and functions
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh >> /home/oracle/.bashrc
EOF
chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/.bashrc
Create and Add New Swap File
Run the following command, with
oracle
user, to create and apply new swap file.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/additional-swap bs=1048576 count=4096
chmod 600 /tmp/additional-swap
mkswap /tmp/additional-swap
Apply the swap by executing the following command with
root
user.
swapon /tmp/additional-swap
Install Oracle Database
Set the DISPLAY variable with
oracle
user.
DISPLAY=$HOSTNAME:0.0; export DISPLAY
Unzip the archive with
oracle
user.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip -oq /path/to/software/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
"Cheat" the installer about the distribution with
oracle
user.
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL7.6
Run the installer, with
oracle
user, to install Oracle database.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent \
-responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME} \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY} \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB \
ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME} \
ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE} \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba \
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
If the setup is success, the following message should be printed on screen.
Successfully Setup Software.
Execute the below scripts, with
root
user, to update the permission of Oracle directories and set the environment variables.
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Database Creation
Start the listener with
oracle
user.
lsnrctl start
Create a database with
oracle
user.
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword SysPassword1 \
-systemPassword SysPassword1 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName ${PDB_NAME} \
-pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
-automaticMemoryManagement false \
-totalMemory 1000 \
-storageType FS \
-datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}" \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-emConfiguration NONE \
-ignorePreReqs
Listener Update
Replace or edit the
listener.ora
file, withoracle
user, to set the correct hostname, port number and SID name.
cat > /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora <<EOF
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(PORT = 1539))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ${ORACLE_SID})
)
)
EOF
Reload the Oracle Listener.
lsnrctl reload
Post Installation
Edit the
/etc/oratab
file, withroot
user, to update the restart flag from 'N
' to 'Y
'.
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1:Y
Configure the Database instance "orcl" with auto startup.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
ln -s spfilecdb1.ora initorcl.ora
Enable Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and make sure the PDB starts when the instance starts.
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_create_file_dest='${DATA_DIR}';
alter pluggable database ${PDB_NAME} save state;
exit;
EOF
Execute the following commands, with
root
user, to start the Oracle Listener automatically.
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/cron.sh <<EOF1
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh
echo "\`date\`" > /home/oracle/scripts/last.log
lsnrctl start
sleep 3
lsnrctl reload
sleep 3
sqlplus /nolog <<EOF
conn / as sysdba
startup
EOF
EOF1
chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts/cron.sh
chmod 744 /home/oracle/scripts/cron.sh
Use the following command, with
oracle
user, to edit the crontab file.
crontab -e
Put the following cron job in the first line of crontab file, then press the keys
:wq
to save and exit.
@reboot /home/oracle/scripts/cron.sh
Healthcheck
Login as
oracle
user and then execute the following commands one-by-one.
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba;
select * from v$version;
show pdbs;
Create New User and Tablespace
Login as Sysdba with SqlPlus.
sqlplus / as sysdba
Update the seesion setting
_ORACLE_SCRIPT
totrue
to allow common user comes withoutc##
as prefix.
ALTER SESSION SET "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true;
Create a new tablespace with an automatic extensible size
100MB
, maximum10G
in size.
-- DROP TABLESPACE my_tablespace INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
-- Location of the dat file: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs/my_tablespace.dat
CREATE TABLESPACE my_tablespace
DATAFILE 'my_tablespace.dat'
SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON
NEXT 32M MAXSIZE 10G
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
;
SELECT FILE_ID, FILE_NAME, TABLESPACE_NAME, AUTOEXTENSIBLE, INCREMENT_BY
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES ORDER BY FILE_ID DESC;
Create a new user.
-- ALTER SESSION SET "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true;
-- DROP USER newuser CASCADE;
CREATE USER newuser IDENTIFIED BY "P@ssw0rd" DEFAULT TABLESPACE my_tablespace;
Grant permissions to the new user.
-- REVOKE CREATE SESSION FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE TABLE FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE VIEW FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE ANY TRIGGER FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE ANY PROCEDURE FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE SEQUENCE FROM newuser;
-- REVOKE CREATE SYNONYM FROM newuser;
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE TABLE TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE VIEW TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE ANY TRIGGER TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE ANY PROCEDURE TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO newuser;
GRANT CREATE SYNONYM TO newuser;
ALTER USER newuser QUOTA UNLIMITED ON my_tablespace;
[Optional] Grant DBA to the new user.
-- REVOKE DBA FROM newuser;
GRANT DBA TO newuser;
References
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